The article provides an overview of existing methods of data transmission from biology to engineering. It is noted that all existing methods can be conditionally divided into two types: solution-based and problem-based. 

The article describes a promising internal combustion engine that works efficiently with a high efficiency and minimal emissions of harmful substances by improving the process of fuel combustion and exhaust heat recovery.

This article presents the results of acceptance tests of the technological line for sorting and packing apples LSP-4, which took place under the production conditions of OJSC Ostromechevo, Brest region, and the economic efficiency of its use. 

The article is devoted to general issues of methodology (strategy) of transferring solutions from biology to engineering to solve specific technical problems. In the article, based on acquaintance with foreign works, existing standards and open online resources, a review of the terminology of bionics for its correct application in solving engineering design problems, including in the field of agricultural mechanics, is carried out. 

This article presents the results of acceptance tests of the double-row sprayer for berry growers OD-2, which took place under the production conditions of the farm “My Garden” and RUE “Tolochin Cannery”, as well as the economic efficiency of its use. 

The article provides an analysis of the provision of flax mills with equipment for basic and pre-sowing soil preparation, fertilization, sowing and caring for flax crops in the republic. The technique developed by the center for the mechanization of the main processes is given. 

The article describesthe results of calculations and structural and kinematic parameters of the structure to justify the combined working body to the domestic transport and technological system of the STT-25. 

The machines for basic non-moldboard tillage developed by RUE “SPC NAS of Belarus for Agricultural Mechanization” are designed for soil-moisture-saving tillage mainly on sloping lands. The article shows the features and advantages of new machines, provides information about their purpose, device, working bodies, test results, as well as information about innovative solutions used in the development of these machines and the prospect of their development. 

The article presentsthe patents oftheRepublic ofBelarusfor utility models, which allow, in comparison with well-known machines for non-moldboard tillage, including on slopes, to expand their functionality, increase moisture accumulation and moisture retention, as well as technical and technological reliability. 

The features of the development of an algorithm for the rational acquisition of machine-tractor units for basic tillage are considered. 

The total volume of world production of mink skins from 2000 to 2015 increased 2,5 times and in 2015 amounted to more than 80 million skins. However, the pandemic crisis from 2020 and the closure of fur farming in Denmark (until 2022) contributed to a decrease in the production of mink skins in the world to 20 million pieces. By December 2020, prices for mink skins have increased from 50 % to 100 %. In Belarus, from 2000 to 2021, the production of mink skins decreased to 0,6 million pieces per year. One of the factors that influenced this reduction was feed and their affordability. Economic conditions, today, require the use of highly efficient energysaving technologies of waste-free production. The most urgent task of this direction is the introduction of harmless methods of processing biological waste, waste from processing vegetables, fruits and other crops that represent it is a valuable secondary raw material for the production of feed. 

Modern milking equipment should not only be high-performance, but also meet the physiological requirements of animals, ensuring complete milk withdrawal. Serial milking machines do not fully perform the above functions. The use of the existing technology of milking cows, as well as milking machines, does not allow fully adapting the milking process to the physiological requirements and characteristics of animals. The most difficult and important task can be considered to eliminate the creeping and falling of milking cups, since both of these phenomena disrupt the milking process, require excessive labor costs and are often accompanied by a decrease  in productivity. The design of a modern milking cup is far from ideal. This node is the most important in milking equipment, since it is in direct contact with the cow, being the boundary between the physiology of the animal and technology. 

The milking machine is the main element of the milking machine. Regardless of its design features, it is designed to suck milk from the udder under vacuum. The milking cups, complete with teat rubber, are the actuators of the milking machine. Not only the quality of milking, but also the health of the dairy herd depends on the efficiency of the teat rubber, since its design features determine the efficiency of the milking process. 

As best practices and zootechnical research show, the productivity of cows is already laid at the level of growing calves of the dairy period. The intensive growth of calves is primarily affected by feed. For accelerated development, calves are taught to eat plant foods, which are difficult to digest in a young body. For this, a technology and an automated set of equipment have been developed that allow processing local grain fodder into an easily digestible concentrate. 

The features of the hardware and software implementation of the identification system of the mastitis state of the udder of a dairy cattle herd are considered. 

The article deals with the problems of premature wear of the heads of fasteners fixing the wearable elements of tillage machines.

The task of the work was to obtain an agreed service life of the bolt and the product fixed by it. The achievement of this task was achieved by using the developed technology of local increase in strength and wear resistance of the fastener.

The results of the study of self-sharpening of surfaced plowshares are presented. The material science reserves for ensuring self-sharpening by regulating the wear resistance of the deposited layer and the steel base are presented. It is shown that the use of boron-containing alloys, high abrasive wear resistance makes it possible to increase the hardness of the steel base and ensure an increase in the total life of the deposited plowshare.

It is noted that a significant factor in the realization of the self-sharpening effect of plowshares is the stability of the treated soil layer. The variety of soil conditions in Belarus, even within the same region, creates certain difficulties in the implementation of self-sharpening. The most effective use of surfaced plowshares is in conditions of stable composition of heavy soils with high abrasive impact.

The article presents the results of theoretical studies on the justification of the main parameters of the wavy disk to the tillage unit for moisture accumulation and moisture retention on sloping lands, taking into account the quality and reliability of the technological process performed by the disk when processing the topsoil. 

The article presents the results of theoretical studies to substantiate the main parameters of the support and mulching rollers included in the tillage unit for moisture accumulation and moisture retention on sloping lands. 

The article theoretically substantiates the main parameters of the loosening working bodies of the chisel type, which are part of the tillage unit for moisture accumulation and moisture retention on slope lands and provide simultaneous loosening of both the arable and subarable soil layers. 

The article generally considers automated sorting of fruits as a process consisting of fruit feeding, classification and mechanical separation. It has been established that the supply of fruits is designed to solve the issues of the formation and transportation of fruits, classification – detection and recognition of the structure of the fruit and decision making, and the mechanical separation of the flow – impact and change in the direction of movement of the fruits. The analysis of physical parameters showed that the sizes of apple varieties “Imant”, “Verbnoe” and “Gloster” obey the law of normal distribution. At the same time, the minimum size of the fruit is 45 mm, and the largest is 95 mm, which inevitably leads to the formation of “twos” of fruits during the formation of the flow. An analysis of the probability of the appearance of possible “twos” of fruits, taking into account agrotechnical requirements, made it possible to substantiate a model of an automated fruit process in which twos of fruits belong to a higher grade. The results of the research were applied by the Republican Unitary Enterprise “NPC of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for the mechanization of agriculture” in the development of a technological line for sorting and packing apples LSP-4. 

In this article, a study was made of the main physical and mechanical properties and dimensional characteristics of the branches of apple trees of the Gloucester and Red Prince varieties.

This article discusses various methods for identifying the quality of fruits in order to sort them. Along with the identification of quality by the organoleptic method using the human senses, methods of identification based on the mechanical, physical, chemical and electromagnetic properties of fruits by means of technical means are considered. 

This article provides an analysis of methods for automated separation of the flow of fruits during their sorting by the optical method through a vision system. The operation scheme of the fruit flow divider operating mechanism is substantiated and the algorithm for determining the delay time of the actuator operation depending on the speed of the main conveyor is experimentally determined. 

This article provides an analysis of the methods for forming a flow of fruits during their sorting by an optical method using a technical vision system. Justified one indicative type of flow with a uniform distance between sorted fruits and substantiated their step. 

This article describes the process of creating a training sample for training an artificial neural network of a technical vision system to recognize defects in fruits of pome crops. 

This article provides a rationale for the method of inspecting the surface of fruits during their sorting by means of an optical method using a technical vision system. 

This article discusses the issue of determining the boundaries of the economic efficiency of various units for the mechanization of the most labor-intensive processes of cultivating intensive orchards in the natural and production conditions of the Republic of Belarus, such as harvesting fruits and berries, pruning trees, recycling cut branches and sorting fruits.

So, when performing these operations, the same unit in one and the same conditions with one amount of work may be the most efficient of a number of others, with a different amount of work it may not be effective enough.

The performance of these technological operations is possible both with the use of manual labor and with the use of machine-tractor units of various capacities. The rationale for choosing the method of performing operations was carried out on the basis of an analysis of unit costs for various annual operating hours.

When choosing units for harvesting, crop losses from violation of agrotechnical terms were also taken into account. In the course of the study, it was found that the use of mechanized means for harvesting fruits, pruning trees and sorting fruits is more expedient than the use of manual labor with an annual output of more than 18 ha, 130 ha and 750 tons, respectively. Harvesting currant and chokeberry berries with a semi-row harvester is effective with an annual output of no more than 35 hectares; with a larger annual volume of work, it is advisable to use a single-row self-propelled berry harvester. 

In this work, the process of loading apples into containers during mechanized harvesting of dessert fruits intended for long-term storage is considered.

In order to improve the quality of harvesting and to ensure the reduction of fruit damage, the design and technological scheme of the loading device and its parameters were substantiated, ensuring minimum damage and maximum loading of the container with fruits during harvesting without human intervention. 

This article presents the rationale for the structural and technological scheme of the tunnel device of the tent sprayer and its main design parameters. 

This article provides a rationale for the structural and technological scheme of a self-propelled universal unit for harvesting apples and pruning trees. 

This article provides a rationale for the parameters of platforms for fruit pickers and tree trimmers of a self-propelled unit designed for mechanized performance of these operations in intensive gardens of the Republic of Belarus. 

This article describes the process of creating an algorithm for tracking the image of apples for tracking them during optical sorting using a vision system. 

The article presentsthe best industrially developed designs of comb swath collector rakes and indicates their advantages and disadvantages, which were taken into account by RUE «SPC NAS of Belarus for Agriculture Mechanization» when constructing the domestic analogue of comb swath collector rakes CSCR-9,5 on the basis of PS «Management Company of the Holding «Lidselmash». 

Dependencies for determining the loss of pressure during transportation of materials on horizontal pneumatic pipeline. A method has been developed that allows you to determine the value of pressure loss using only such material properties as its final speed and coefficient of kinetic friction. 

The features of development a functional and information models of an automated system of rational acquisition of machine-tractor aggregates for basic tillage are considered. 

In the article, with the help of an expert assessment method on the indicators of economy, durability and manufacturability, an assessment classification was developed in the points of products of livestock farms, which made it possible to determine the range of products for enameling. 

The article provides a review and analysis of existing software systems, robotic platforms and machines based on artificial intelligence.Alist of machines developed by RUE “SPC NAS of BelarusforAgriculture Mechanization” within the framework of the VI technological order is presented. 

In article was saw problem uniformity of feed the tubers of potatoes and ways it decide in construction modern planters. A promising design of the planting apparatus is proposed, which ensures accurate planting of potato tubers. 

The main results of the modernization of the diagnostic stand are considered and strength calculations are given, confirming the reliability of the proposed design of the stand. 

The perspective of development of development and improvement of specialized machines for potato cultivation and harvesting in accordance with the Machine System is given. 

The article evaluates the application of various solutions to improve the running systems of tractor trailers. 

The article considers the issue of applying a new, adapted to the agricultural conditions of the Republic of Belarus, environmentally sound technology for the utilization of cattle manure by preparing bedding material on its basis. to evaluate its effectiveness, an appropriate SWOT analysis was carried out with an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the project, as well as additional opportunities to achieve the project goal and factors that complicate the achievement of the goal. 

The design and technological parameters and operating modes of rotating sprayers for the introduction of liquid solutions are substantiated. 

The article presents a comparison of milking parlors with a milking robot, as well as an assessment of their economic efficiency for the Republic of Belarus. 

The article analyzes the existing operating modes of milking machines, their advantages and disadvantages. The issues of improving the design of milking machines operating in the gentle milking mode are considered. When choosing milking equipment, it is necessary to take into account the biological characteristics of the animals. One of the most promising methods of physiological assessment of milking machines is thermal imaging. Experimental studies of the influence of the milking machine on the condition of the udder teats of cows according to a thermographic image are given. 

The article discusses the types of packaging that can be used for the storage and transportation of technical products, non-standard size and significant weight. The designs and materials for the manufacture of boxes from wood, plywood, honeycomb (cellular) cardboard, and aluminum are considered. Based on the existing wooden box, an improved design of wooden boxes has been developed, including skid bars, stops and clamps for fixing meteorological mast sections, handles for moving boxes during loading and unloading operations. The main goal of the design change is to create a reliable package design, ease of handling of the package and reliable fixation of the elements of the packaged product. As a result, four wooden crates are used to pack the mast, the weight of which ranged from 5 kg to 18.5 kg, depending on their overall dimensions parts. 

An analysis of equipment for agricultural needs is carried out and a conclusion is presented on possible innovations in the structure design segment using the example of existing equipment. As a graphical accompaniment to the described innovative structure design solutions, using the PLS-1 self-propelled flax baler as an example, a conceptual model and a description of the design of the equipment under study are given. 

This article presents the process of creating a graphical interface for an application for a vision system for a technological line for sorting and packing apples LSP-4 and describes its main components. 

The article presents the justification of the conditions for the unstressed supply of liquid from the nozzle to the nozzles of the rotary distributor. 

The article presents the justification of the main design and kinematic parameters of the rotary distributor in relation to the disk adapter for the internal application of liquid manure. 

A method was developed for the targeted synthesis of hexafluorosilicates of alkali and alkaline earth metals with desired chemical properties. Laboratory tests and production verification of the proposed method for the synthesis of hexafluorosilicates from hexafluorosilicate-containing (SiF6 2) liquid-phase waste from the production of glassware (wastewater from adsorbers of the chemical polishing shop of glassware of the Borisov Crystal Plant) were carried out, which confirmed the possibility of producing a wide range of reactive grade hexafluorosilicates in the Republic of Belarus.