The main design features of milking robots from various manufacturing companies are presented.

The main technical characteristics of robots and the method of detecting teats in the development of domestic robotic milking systems are presented.

The article considers the issue of a simplified model of the geometric shape of the cow’s udder. The existing forms of the cow’s udder, their outlines, ratios of length, width and depth, as well as the morphological properties of the cow’s udder depending on lactation are described. A mathematical description of a simplified geometric model of the cow’s udder with a graphical display is given. A plane equation is compiled, a mathematical model is obtained that describes the geometric shape of the cow’s udder in a simplified manner.

The results of experimental studies to determine the optimal design and technological parameters of a device for remote determination of body measurements and live weight of cattle are presented.

The results of acceptance tests of the self-propelled machine for servicing the feed table of cattle of the MSKS are presented.

The article presents the results of acceptance tests of the modular soil-cultivating unit AMP-6, which established the actual values of the designation indicators, functional, agrotechnical and economic indicators.

The article examines the role of mechanization in flax production, as well as the influence of factors related to insufficient equipment of flax-growing organizations on yield losses and, as a result, a decrease in the profitability of cultivation, harvesting, and post-harvest processing of flax.

This paper presents a study of the interaction of a compressed air jet with a potato tuber in the area of a roller conveyor. The aim is to determine the optimal nozzle and airflow parameters for the reliable separation of substandard tubers with minimal energy consumption. A cylindrical nozzle with a diameter of 5 mm, positioned without offset from the tuber axis, is used as the baseline. The simulation was performed in the FlowVision environment using a compressible flow model, the Navier-Stokes equations, and the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model (SА). Pressure and velocity field, streamlines, and time dependences of aerodynamic forces projections on the X and Y axes for pressures of 4–8 atm are obtained.

This paper proposes a geometric model of the working surface of potato tuber rollers used for transporting and rotating tubers, based on approximating the tuber shape with an ellipsoid of revolution. It is shown that when using cylindrical rollers, contact is limited to a single point, leading to unstable and chaotic rotation, complicating optical surface assessment. To improve stability and increase the contact area, a single-sheet hyperboloid of revolution roller shape is proposed. Analytical relationships are developed describing the intersection of the ellipsoid and hyperboloid, and an equation for the contact curve is derived, taking into account the geometric parameters of the tuber. The resulting model ensures an increased contact zone, stable rotation without slippage, and is suitable for practical implementation in roller designs.

The article discusses the features of building a simulation model of the process of applying solid mineral fertilizers, presents a dynamic and piecemeal scheme of a module for applying fertilizers and a scheme of a robotic platform.

The article discusses the features of determining the aerodynamic properties of solid mineral fertilizers for subsequent modeling of the process of their application using the discrete element method.

The paper addresses the problem of developing requirements for a plant recognition system intended for precision herbicide application under conditions of autonomous operation of a mobile robotic platform. The operational features of the recognition system as part of an autonomous robotic complex are analyzed, including requirements for processing speed, energy consumption, and integration with the control system. A set of functional, hardware, software, and integration requirements are formulated to ensure autonomous operation in field conditions. The obtained results can be used for the analysis of existing analogues and for the design of precision plant protection application systems.

This article systematizes the morphological features of weeds relevant to automated image recognition tasks. Four main classes of features–geometric, architectural, surface, and dynamic–are described, and their complementarity in the formation of stable descriptors is demonstrated. The need to account for ontogenetic variability and standardize phenophases using the BBCH and Zadoks scales, as well as adapt these scales for weed species, is substantiated. Based on the analysis, priority weed groups for Belarusian agrocenoses are identified, and criteria for selecting developmental stages for representative training samples are proposed.

The existing devices for real-time zootechnical recording of pigs are reviewed, an analysis of their use is conducted, and the advantages and disadvantages of these devices are given.

The article presents devices for determining feed quality.

The article discusses the peculiarities of cultivating winter marmot for green feed, and also provides an overview and analysis of the technologies for harvesting marmot for feed.

The article presents studies to assess the quality of raking of marmoset with rakes of GWG-9.5 by regression analysis.

The article presents the results of experimental studies of the process of rake raking with rakes in comparison with traditionally used devices, determination of the amount of clogging of the formed rolls.

This article presents the rationale for the main parameters of the nursery robotic weeder.

This article discusses various methods for identifying the quality of fruits in order to sort them. Along with the identification of quality by the organoleptic method using the human senses, methods of identification based on the mechanical, physical, chemical and electromagnetic properties of fruits by means of technical means are considered.

In the article, based on the conducted a priori ranking and experimental studies, it was established that the most significant factor influencing the quality of the seed dosing process of a mechanical seeder with a centralized hopper is the gap between the auger turns and the walls of the seed box, and the rotation speed of the auger.

The article provides a technical description of the design and operating procedure of an experimental setup for studying the process of two-stage dosing of seed material to the coulters of a mechanical seeder with a centralized hopper, and also provides a description of measuring instruments that allow one to evaluate the quality indicators of the seeding process.

The article presents the results of experimental studies of seed crushing by elements of the seeding system of a mechanical wide-grip seeder with a centralized bunker. The optimal values for the gap between the walls of the seed box and the auger turns, and the auger rotation frequency, which allow for sowing of seed material in accordance with agricultural requirements, have been determined.

The formation of soil structure during its cultivation, which promotes the flow of groundwater through the capillaries to the upper root-bearing horizon, is one of the ways to eliminate moisture deficiency in the soil when there is a lack of precipitation or no precipitation for an extended period. The article proposes a concept of soil loosening during primary tillage, which contributes to the accumulation and preservation of moisture for the initial vegetation period of subsequently sown seeds, and presents the results of its experimental verification.

The article presents a methodology for determining functional indicators as production functions in the formation of a rational complex of machines for the procurement of high-quality feed in specific conditions, taking into account which the process of raking dried (wilted) mass into windrows using a belt rake based on various tractors was simulated, and the target function for selecting the rational composition and operating modes of machine and tractor units for a given technological operation was determined.

The article presents a methodology for determining operational indicators for modeling the process of raking dried (wilted) mass into windrows using a belt rake based on various tractors, and the formation of a rational set of machines for harvesting high-quality feed under specific conditions. Two groups of factors have been identified that determine the environmental friendliness of technology use: the first group is associated with increasing the efficiency of using all types of resources, while the second group of factors requires special expenditures to improve environmental friendliness.

The program and methodology of research on the effectiveness of processing corn from insect pests using an agrodron are presented, and the features of setting the parameters of chemical treatment are given.

The main results of experimental studies on the evaluation of the technological parameters of the agricultural drone during insecticidal corn treatments are presented.

The article is dedicated to reviewing domestic machines for selecting, loading, and transporting bales of compressed feed from the fields.

The article presents a description of the prototype of the device for removing polymer materials from pressed feed, as well as an analysis of the results of experimental studies of the prototype.

The article presents a structural and technological scheme with an algorithm of operation of a gripping device for automated selection and loading of compressed feed on a transport platform, as well as describes the technological process of operation of a picker-transporter with an automated gripping device, presents a methodology for experimental studies of optimal parameters of an automated gripping device.

The article presents an analysis of experimental studies of optimal parameters of an automated gripping device.

The article examines the results of studies of the self-heating temperature of solid separated cattle manure depending on two factors: the time of the self-heating process and the specific air consumption supplied to the drying material for its oxidation under aerobic conditions.

The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the thermal conductivity coefficient and moisture absorption capacity for the solid fraction of separated cattle manure dried by self-heating at various temperatures.

The consumption of dry matter in feed is affected by the moisture content of the feed mixture. It is advisable for high-yielding cows to consume 24–26 kg of dry matter per day. The most effective productivity of cows is achieved when the dry matter content in the diet is 32–35 %. The length of the cutting, which depends on the moisture content, plays an important role in the consumption of dry matter. The optimal moisture content of the feed mixture is 55 %. When feeding over-moist feed mixtures with a moisture content of about 80 %, the salivary glands stop functioning, and the time spent by the cow on ruminating is reduced to 2–3 hours per day, what contributes to the development of rumen acidosis. When the humidity is low, cows consume less feed due to its dryness and poor digestibility, which can lead to digestive problems (constipation).

The article develops theoretical prerequisites for studying the process of brushing the Colorado potato beetle from potato tops with a conical brush. Formulas for calculating the force, calculating the parameters and deflection of the pile are given.

The article presents proposals for proper planning of the renewal of the agricultural tractor fleet.

This Environmental and Economic Assessment of Wastewater Treatment Based on Environmental Impact Prevention allows for the most accurate selection of objectives. The article presents a methodology and an example of environmental impact prevention at the treatment facilities of OJSC “Slonim Vodokanal”.

This article presents the results of an analysis of the development stages and functional capabilities of diagnostic tools for automotive and tractor engines of various generations. It describes modern portable scanners (OBD2), microprocessor-based engine testers, and universal diagnostic systems with a wide range of functions that enable the assessment of engine condition based on its main parameters, as well as the recording and calculation of indicator diagram readings as a function of crankshaft rotation angle. The article also presents the results of the development of a multi-channel digital diagnostic system with a flexible structure, characterized by increased noise immunity of communication channels.

The article presents the results of an analysis of the development stages and functional capabilities of integrated wear monitoring systems for friction pairs in automotive and tractor engines. These systems are based on monitoring the presence of ferromagnetic and diamagnetic particles using an inductive coil. The results of an in-depth laboratory analysis of tractor diesel engine oil using an optical emission spectrometer are also presented.

The stages of mathematical processing of data on observations of failures of fuel pumps of warranty diesel engines D-245 have been performed, numerical characteristics of a random variable have been determined in order to identify the distribution law. The data for calculating the theoretical curve of the normal distribution law are determined.

The article presents the results of a study of the technological processes of obtaining kvass wort concentrate and potato kvass from potatoes and high-quality waste; the influence of a complex of hydrolytic enzyme preparations on the depth of the saccharification process and the quality of the finished product is considered.

The method of “principal components” is used to determine private indicators of the safety of the production environment in relation to the generalized aggregated assessment of agricultural production. An algorithm for aggregating the parameters of the production environment is proposed, the dynamics of its state in the safety assessment is considered.

This article explores the potential application of mathematical modeling methods to identify risk factors for occupational injuries in the livestock industry of the agricultural sector. The goal is to influence these factors to reduce the overall number of workplace accidents, including fatal incidents.

The results of processing an array of vibration diagnostics data for a side-feed fuel injector (AZPI) of the 171.1112010-01 series during testing on a bench with crushing fuel spray are presented. A graphical construction of the transformed vibration acceleration signal of a fuel injector with a crushing spray in the space of complex numbers has been completed. A graphical interpretation of the Fourier transform in the complex plane for the vibration acceleration signal of a nozzle on a crushing spray stand is obtained, indicating the calculated oscillation phases for each harmonic of the spectrum.

An algorithm is proposed and a calculation of noise levels in the tractor cabin is performed (using the example of “Belarus 1221”) with a post-warranty period of operation of the tractor in the event of acoustic radiation from an external source. Technical solutions are considered that help reduce noise to the standard value.

A mathematical model has been developed to predict the reduction of noise levels in a tractor cabin depending on the mechanism of absorption of sound energy in the engine compartment, the influence of the airborne component of noise at the workplace of the tractor driver, and the soundproofing material of the walls of the tractor cabin enclosure.

The analysis of methods of complex assessment of professional safety (professional training, success, suitability) of tractor drivers-machinists is made. A mathematical model of the state of professional safety of workers taking into account their psychophysiological indicators is proposed.

The rationale for choosing a production risk management strategy has been provided using forage harvesting equipment as an example.

A mathematical model of the state of the human body’s musculoskeletal system is proposed when performing technological adjustments to a technical device; an assessment of the safety of their implementation is given, taking into account the anthropometric characteristics of the worker.

This article is devoted to the issue of developing a universal technical tool for processing and disposing of the non-seeded part of the bast crop in the field during the post-harvest period.

The architecture of the systematic presentation of the concept of increasing productivity (yield) of crop production is presented by improving soil fertility through fertilization. The structural evolution of the process control subsystem under operating time conditions is analyzed, the requirements for the dispenser actuators are formulated based on the agrotechnological requirements for the fertilizer application operation. Principles of functioning of the automated system of differentiated batching of loose materials are substantiated. An algorithm for calculating control (command) information at the input of the dispenser actuator has been developed and tested, which serves as the theoretical basis for the software for accuracy and efficiency of differentiated fertilization within the framework of the concept of precision farming. The obtained analytical expression is a mathematical model of dependence of control (command) information on structural and technical parameters of the used mechanization means, technological modes of operation, physical and mechanical characteristics of bulk materials, which creates prerequisites for the implementation of methodically correct mathematical support and makes it possible to conduct simulation computational experiments at the design stage of the automated system. The results of computer studies in the Excel tabular environment showed the reliability of the model, the adequacy of the behavior of the output variables depending on the input factors: for example, an increase in the rate of fertilization and the speed of rectilinear movement of the unit is accompanied by a proportional increase in the value of the control parameter, i.e. the number of revolutions at the input of the sowing apparatus shaft. Changing the specific gravity of the fertilizer used changes the control information in inverse proportion. An engineering solution for replacing the shaft drive of a sowing apparatus of a mass-produced sowing machine for automating the operation of a dispenser based on GLONASS/GPS and GIS-technologies is presented. Operational and technological testing of the performance of the experimental sample, carried out on the experimental field when adding mineral fertilizers, showed the functional performance of the automated system as a whole, and also confirmed the correctness of the adopted methodological prerequisites.

Success in cultivating cotton largely depends on the timing and quality of soil preparation for sowing and sowing, and the latter, in turn, depends on how it is carried out and on the perfect design of the machines. The aim of the study is to justify the shape of the ridges and the parameters of the moulder to the cotton seeder. The authors proposed a new technology for sowing with the simultaneous formation of ridges. The shape and parameters of the ridge are theoretically justified. When performing the ridge shape in the form of an isosceles trapezoid and, accordingly, with a height and width of the ridge surface of at least 100 mm and 160 mm, the seed bed is protected from flooding by rain streams. The design of the developed comb moulder to a cotton seeder for the implementation of the proposed technology is given.

The article presents the results of technological scheme for precise and piece sowing of cotton seeds, including a working element for applying fertilizers, a ridge former and compactor, a seed coulter riveted to them, a coverer for embedding seeds, a compacting roller, a device for laying an irrigation hose, and a coverer for embedding the hose with soil.