In article were determined damages zones to discovery damageability the tubers of potatoes serially produced of machines for harvest and postharvest revision with help electronic analyze device.

The article proposes a methodology and equipment for the study of adhesive forces at the contact boundary of the working surfaces of agricultural machines with the soil. The principal feature of the installation is the ability to determine the pressure of pore water in the soil of the soil when it is loaded.

The general characteristic of systems used in the Republic of Belarus to identify and measure technological and biological parameters of cows in article are gives. The results of testing the system IMPC «MAYSTAR» of identification and control of the physiological state of animals are presented. The system was developed by the Republican Unitary Enterprise «Research and Production Center of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus on Agricultural Mechanization» together with the manufacturer of equipment for dairy farms LLC «Polyether AGRO». Comparative tests have shown that the hardware-software complex IMPC «MAYSTAR» is not inferior in basic technical and technological characteristics to a similar complex produced by ALLFLEX (SCR). Tests have shown that the system can be used effectively to reliably detect cows in the hunt by analyzing the indicators of motor activity, number of jumps and rumination. The system is adaptive to the technology of milk production on the farm and physiological characteristics of cows.

In the study, the technique for assessment the working pressure of the pneumatic system for separating substandard potato tubers in automatic sorting machines is presented.

The article considers the problems of profitability of dairy cattle breeding. The strategic objective of dairy cattle breeding is the production of competitive milk and dairy products to meet the needs of the population. Despite the presence of a good feed base and a good genetic potential of the dairy herd, today there is an acute problem of improving the quality of dairy raw materials, while maintaining the cost and production volumes. Based on this, the agro-industrial policy today is aimed at making this industry highly efficient and competitive, as well as significantly improving food security.

The article discusses the technological principles of the development of robotic milking. An error in the analysis of the effectiveness of the use of robotic systems is their assessment from the point of view of saving labor costs, especially in enterprises where unskilled and poorly motivated personnel are trying to replace the robot. However, due to the use of robotic systems, it is impossible to reduce the total salary fund, since the operation of such systems requires specialists with a much higher level of qualification and an appropriate level of remuneration. Therefore, when developing its own concept for the development of robotic milking, it is necessary to take the simplest, inexpensive, universal solutions that can be applied within any technological concept and configuration of equipment with a high level of unification, interchangeability, maintainability and operational stability.

The article presents data on the results in the Republic of Belarus of flax stands and the production of flax fiber, the available equipment for harvesting flax and primary processing of flax, a list of equipment produced in the republic for harvesting flax and the modernization of long and short production.

The article considers the problem of soil adhesion in crop production and ways to solve it. The use of morphologically non-smooth and electroosmotic surfaces to reduce adhesion and its consequences is proposed.

The article discusses the main means of reducing emissions of harmful substances with exhaust gases of diesel engines and provides an unconventional new topical solution to the problem of reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases of diesel engines of mobile vehicles and tractors by improving the combustion process in two separated combustion chambers.

The article deals with the problem of automation of technical processes in a dairy enterprise. Automation changes the quality of work, simplifying it physically, making it more meaningful, while making increased demands on the level of technical training of personnel. In order to automate technical processes at dairy farms, the authors considered the use of a hardware and software system for the identification and control of the physiological state of animals for the automatic collection of information about the physiological state of animals, analysis of the data obtained and issuing them in an easy-to-understand form, including the issuance of warnings and recommendations.

As a result of the fall fishing was determined that the yield in feeding period was: on three-year feeding – 85 %, average weight – 840 g; on a two-year feeding – 85–86 %, average weight – 410–440 g, that is slightly higher than the norm. In the study of the three-year market carp in feeding with less compound feeds it is possible to obtain more than 50 % of profitability, with two-year market carp – 18–20 %.

Justification of key parameters of a rake swath collectors of edge GVG-9.5 type is presented in article.

The article considers the issues of influence of the propulsion device and physical and mechanical properties of soil on traction and coupling properties of tractors.

The article discusses some advantages and disadvantages of tillage when using zero tillage technology.

The article considers the issues of safety of transportation of liquids in the same-leather-road and automobile tanks and ways to improve their designs.

This article provides an analysis of the known methods of protecting fruit plantations from spring frosts, as well as the effectiveness of their application in the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Belarus.

This article presents an experimental study of the functioning of the system of automatic orientation of the working body to a robotic machine for weeding nurseries.

This article describes the design and principle of operation of the technological line for sorting and packing apples LSP-4, as well as the results of its preliminary tests.

This article provides an analysis of theoretical and experimental studies to substantiate the parameters and modes of activators of berry harvesters that provide the greatest completeness of harvesting berries with minimal damage to plantings.

This article presents a mathematical model for the analytical study of heat transfer in fruit plantations.

The review of the existing technology and the used technical solutions for cleaning the inner surfaces of the milk cooler tank is carried out. The direction of improving the process of washing milk cooler containers by increasing the mechanical effect of a jet of washing solution on milk pollution is proposed.

The article discusses various design solutions and technical capabilities of known soil-cultivating rollers and substantiates the type of rollers for equipping them with a soil-cultivating unit for moisture retention and moisture accumulation on power lands.

The article describes the design and principle of operation of the opener of the direct sowing machine СПП-9 with a new design opener, as well as the results of its acceptance tests.

The article discusses the various basic methods of soil cultivation used on the slope lands of the Republic of Belarus. The best way is substantiated, taking into account the agrophysical properties of the soil, cultivated crops, crop rotation, slope angle and soil erosion resistance for the main cultivation of slope lands. The need for the development of an aggregate is substantiated, which would provide not only optimal conditions for the growth and development of agricultural crops, but also prevent the development of erosion processes by retention and accumulation of moisture in the soil.

The article discusses various design solutions and technical capabilities of the known chisel working bodies and substantiates the type of loosening working body to the tillage unit for moisture accumulation and moisture retention on sloping lands.

The article discusses various design solutions and technical capabilities of the known disk working bodies and substantiates the type of disk working body to the tillage unit for moisture accumulation and moisture retention on sloping lands.

The article substantiates the types of plow hulls for the conditions of the Republic of Belarus and analyzes the directions for improving their ploughshare surface.

The importance of the work of the dividers of harvesting machines for their productive and highquality work is shown on the example of harvesting flax-long-lived flax. The dependences for calculating the load on the stem-bearing structures and the effect of the divider on the soil unevenness are obtained. The deterioration of the quality indicators of the unit’s operation when the dividers deviate from the working position has been experimentally confirmed. Conditions for increasing the efficiency of their work are established.

The article analyzes the points of view of a number of researchers on the issue of land as a means of production in agriculture. The versatility and complexity of the land as a material and technical base and the economic potential of agricultural production is reflected. Attention is paid to its main quality – fertility. The main features of land as a means of production are systematized and ways to improve the efficiency of its use are proposed, taking into account a set of factors that affect the production cycle in agriculture.

The optimization of some indicators of technical operation of machines in the agroindustrial complex is considered. The history of this issue is given, a universal approach is described in such a justification from professor V. M. Mikhlin – optimization of the permissible values of parameters to minimize the total unit costs and costs for machine service, implemented in the TURBO-NEK program.

The features of the application of standard values of control parameters are considered.

The article considers the methods and technical means used to determine the traction resistance of the working bodies of agricultural machines for basic tillage, the design features of installations for field and laboratory research. The review of software tools for automated acquisition of machine and tractor units, which allows for the operational selection of the rational composition of machine and tractor units in relation to specific natural and industrial conditions, is carried out.

With aging population, farmers abandoning their farmlands have been increased in the world. On the other hand, agricultural management is becoming increasingly organized and incorporated. In order to sustain efficient and stable farm management, it is necessary to improve productivity and profitability, which requires agricultural machinery to become more efficient and labor-saving.

With the promotion of ICT-based smart agriculture, next-generation agriculture, The Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering and MTZ have developed an tractor that enables unmanned automatic operation, in order to accomplish higher efficiency and precision and reduce more workers and labors.

The article briefly describes the situation and prospects in the field of the creation of unmanned farm work systems and tractors in the world and in Belarus.

The article proposes a calculation scheme and a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the braking system of a class 5 tractor when operating as part of a transport unit. The results of calculations for several units of domestic and foreign production are given.

The extrusion equipment, its operating principle, the technological process of obtaining biodegradable polymer films with account of the melt flow index are considered.

The experimental data obtained allow us to conclude that the quantitative content of starch in the composition is no more than 20–25 %. When filling with starch over 25 %, agglomerates of filler particles are formed, which leads to significant changes in the technological properties of composite materials, and also worsens the possibility of their processing on existing equipment.

Based on the results of the research, recommendations for obtaining biodegradable films are presented.

The main objects of the investigation were lanthanum, cerium and neodymium fluorides, phosphates and hydroxides, as well as phosphogypsum.

The purpose of this work was to develop methods for purposeful synthesis of lanthanide compounds with predetermined chemical composition during phosphogypsum acid treatment on the basis of data obtained on solubility, extraction and thermodynamic characteristics of individual rare earth elements (REE) compounds.

Solubility equilibriums for LnF3 and LnPO4 in phosphoric acid at 70 °С, as well as for LnF₃, LnPO₄ and Ln(OH)₃ in water at 25 °C and 50 °C have been studied. Solubility constants of these compounds have been determined; principles of dissolution equilibrium for the above lanthanide compounds have been established.

Chemical composition of these compounds and nature of their inclusion into phosphogypsum has been determined.

The complex of thermodynamic characteristics for processes of preparation of lanthanum, cerium, neodymium fluorides, phosphates and hydroxides from their nitrates, standard enthalpies of formation, Gibbs energies and absolute enthropies for individual compounds have been calculated.

Processes for REE compounds extraction from solutions obtained through phosphogypsum treatment by nitric acid, using organophosphorus compounds, such as tributyl phosphate, di-iso-octyl methylphosphonate, isoamyldibutylphosphine oxide, have been investigated.

The schematic process diagram for obtaining group REE concentrate containing no less than 96 ww.% of the main compound, from phosphogypsum have been produced at OJSC «Gomel Chemical Plant».

The article discusses the issue of technical equipment of the agro-industrial complex of the Siberian Federal District with agricultural machinery and its updating within the framework of the developed project of the interregional program «Development of the grain market of Siberia for the period up to 2025».

The issues of development of directions of technical support for the introduction of liquid forms of mineral fertilizers into the soil in the implementation of existing methods of their use are considered. It is established that when creating and improving technological machines for the implementation of this process, the priority goal is to improve the quality of distribution – 55 %, increase the efficiency of application – 27 and 18 % of the analyzed number of patents, the importance of reducing the energy intensity of the process increases.

The article considers the issues of determining the optimal irrigation schemes for different types of soils in connection with the processes of water consumption of crops, presents the developed mathematical apparatus and the main results of calculations.

The article analyzes the current state and directions of development of technical service of the machine and tractor fleet of the agro-industrial complex.

The fundamental factors of the concept of technical service development are substantiated: repair and technological equipment, quality, documentation and qualified personnel.

In article were determined the indicators to working the device for separation tubers from stones for based deferens of elastic features.

The article presents: the structure of the existing system of corporate service for agricultural machinery, taking into account a number of factors affecting its quality; marketing formula for the strategy of promoting goods and services on the market; the main functions of the dealership when organizing corporate service for agricultural machinery and the principles of organizing a corporate service system; identified one of the main problems limiting the growth of production.

Based on the analysis of foreign and domestic experience, the most effective forms of creating corporate service systems for agricultural machines, taking into account the specifics of their work, are proposed. The relationship between the volume of production of agricultural machines and the volume of their sales with marketing and logistic activities, as well as the organization of corporate technical service based on the dealer system, has been determined.

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of surface-type electroosmosis on the change in the total potential of soil water.

To increase the durability of cultivator paws, it is proposed to use as a bionic model hard-alloy inserts designed on the basis of garden ant mandibles. The surface of the mandibles (mandibles) of the black garden ant Lasius niger was studied using a LEO-1455 VP scanning electron microscope (with attachments) on the basis of the Center for Shared Use of the unique scientific equipment «Belarusian Interuniversity Research Service Center» of the Faculty of Physics of the Belarusian State University.

To select the scheme and location of the bionic carbide inserts on the duckfoot surface, using the FlowVision software package and the finite-volume approach to approximate the equations of the mathematical model, the main parts of the working body that are subject to the greatest sealing loads, and, consequently, more intense abrasive wear, have been determined. The main parameters of hard-alloy inserts have been determined: the pitch and h eight of the teeth, the equation of the generatrix of the toothed surface. The concept of placement of carbide inserts on the quickly wearing parts of the cultivator share is proposed.

The production of high-quality milk depends primarily on the feed being fed, which must be hygienically impeccable, technologically properly preserved and at the same time meet the physiological requirements of animals. To determine the suitability of herbal crops for silage, it is necessary to know the chemical, physical and biological properties of these plants. A large amount of crude protein in herbage always indicates a high buffering capacity. Therefore, grasses and especially legumes, as a rule, are more difficult to ferment into silage than corn. With a higher concentration of sugar in the silage mass (over 3 %), the yield of lactic acid increases to 50–70 %, while its actual amount is 3–4 times higher than the required level, which is the reason for obtaining «peroxidized» silage, therefore, only those plants with a sugar-buffer ratio of 1,7–4,0 and a sugar concentration in the natural mass of the order of 1,5–3,0 are considered to be easily siloed crops.

The authors of the article investigate the effect of the membrane material on the process of electroactivation of water and solutions. It has been proven that for relatively simple technological processes for producing catholyte and anolyte with given pH values, it is advisable to use affordable and cheap materials from dense fabrics, sheets of porous ceramics, etc. as membranes.

A complex functional transformation of the diagnostic stand for working with injectors of the Common Rail battery fuel system is proposed.

The article considers the directions for improving labor safety by creating the necessary microclimate in the cabin of mobile agricultural machinery and at the same time fulfilling sanitary standards for clean air in the workplace.

The article discusses the requirements for assessing air pollution in the industrial environment, as well as factors affecting the spread of pollutants in space and time. A graphical method for assessing air pollution during the operation of technical means for applying a pesticide solution to plants is proposed.

The article presents mathematical dependencies that allow us to calculate the required pressure at the entrance to the water supply system and identify the acceptable hydraulic and structural parameters of the hydraulic transport system and fertilizer equipment of the piston and ejection types.

A methodology and indicators are presented that make it possible to give an exhaustive characteristic of the energy efficiency of crop production using a less energy-intensive technology option.

The article presents the feasibility of timely cleaning of manure on dairy farms and complexes to maintain a comfortable indoor microclimate, which contributes to an increase in livestock productivity. A new unit has been developed for removing litterless manure from open manure canals with loose housing of animals, capable of picking up manure cleanly, thereby improving the phyto-sanitary situation in and around livestock buildings. The device and its operation are described. The technical characteristics, the results of acceptance tests and the economic efficiency of using the ANM-10 unit in comparison with existing analogues and methods of manure removal are presented.

The article considers the directions of improving labor safety in the cabin of an agricultural vehicle. Technical solutions are proposed to increase safety and improve working conditions of operators of agricultural vehicles, which makes it possible to prevent the occurrence of a traumatic situation when driving an agricultural vehicle by increasing efficiency, attention, removing the state of fatigue and fatigue. The thermal resistance of the operator’s thermal protective clothing is calculated.

The article discusses the main directions and requirements for machine operators and equipment when working with pesticides, considers the ways in which harmful substances enter the human body, and proposes a solution for improving personal protective equipment.

To prevent electric shock to the operator during the operation of large-scale agricultural machinery under power lines (power lines), a device has been proposed that signals the approach of equipment to power lines at an unacceptable distance.